젤리 ,  38  33 바이트

-1 덕분에 에릭 Outgolfer (반전 SP¬+÷/E$사용하지하여 SẠ>÷/E$사용할 ÇÐf보다는 ÇÐḟ-1 덕분에) 씨 Xcoder (필요를 정렬하기 전에 평평하게)
-2 덕분에 씨 Xcoder ( S<¥Ðf³L-> S€<³S)
-1에서 트릭을 훔치는 Dennis의 답변 의 이전 개정 ( ṗ2’Œc-> p`⁺’-중복 사례가 많지만 골퍼입니다!)

SẠ>÷/E$
p`⁺’ÇÐfµ_/ṭ⁸²S€Ṣµ€Q½S€<³S

정수를 취하고 결과를 인쇄하는 전체 프로그램.

온라인으로 사용해보십시오! (60 초 미만의 테스트 케이스 20+를 완료하기에는 너무 느림)

어떻게?

SẠ>÷/E$ - Link 1, straightLineFromOrigin?: coordinates       i.e. [[a,b],[c,d]]
S       - sum                                                     [a+c,b+d]
 Ạ       - all? (0 if either of a+c or b+d are 0 otherwise 1)      all([a+c,b+d])
      $ - last two links as a monad:
   ÷/   -   reduce by division                                    [a÷c,b÷d]
     E  -   all equal?  (i.e. 1 if on a non-axial straight line)  a÷c==b÷d
  >     - greater than? (i.e. 1 if not on any line, 0 otherwise)  all([a+c,b+d])>(a÷c==b÷d)

p`⁺’ÇÐḟµ_/ṭ⁸²S€Ṣµ€Q½S€<³S - Main link: integer, n
p`                        - Cartesian product of implicit range(n) with itself
  ⁺                       - repeat (Cartesian product of that result with itself)
   ’                      - decrement (vectorises)
                          -  - i.e. all non-negative lattice point pairs up to x,y=n-1
     Ðf                   - filter keep only if:
    Ç                     -   call last link (1) as a monad
       µ         µ€       - monadic chain for €ach:
        _/                -   reduce with subtraction i.e. [a-c,b-d]
           ⁸              -   chain's left argument, [[a,b],[c,d]]
          ṭ               -   tack                   [[a,b],[c,d],[c-a,d-b]]
            ²             -   square (vectorises)    [[a²,b²],[c²,d²],[(c-a)²,(d-b)²]]
             S€           -   sum €ach               [[a²+b²],[c²+d²],[(c-a)²+(d-b)²]]
                          -    - i.e. the squares of the triangle's edge lengths
               Ṣ          -   sort
                  Q       - de-duplicate (get one of each congruent set of triangles)
                   ½      - square root (vectorises)  - get sides from squares of sides
                    S€    - sum €ach
                       ³  - program's 3rd argument, n
                      <   - less than?
                        S -   sum (number of such triangles)
                          - implicit print

답변

f=(n,i=n**4,o={})=>i--&&([p,P,q,Q]=[0,1,2,3].map(k=>i/n**k%n|0),!o[k=[a=(H=Math.hypot)(p,P),b=H(p-q,P-Q),c=H(q,Q)].sort()]&a+b+c<n&&(o[k]=P*q!=p*Q))+f(n,i,o)

f=(n,i=n**4,o={})=>i--&&([p,P,q,Q]=[0,1,2,3].map(k=>i/n**k%n|0),!o[k=[a=(H=Math.hypot)(p,P),b=H(p-q,P-Q),c=H(q,Q)].sort()]&a+b+c<n&&(o[k]=P*q!=p*Q))+f(n,i,o)

;[
  1,  // 0
  2,  // 0
  3,  // 0
  4,  // 1
  5,  // 3
  6,  // 5
  7,  // 11
  8,  // 18
  9   // 29
]
.forEach(n => console.log('a(' + n + ') = ' + f(n)))

n=>[...Array(n**4)].reduce((x,_,i,o)=>x+=!o[[p,P,q,Q]=[0,1,2,3].map(k=>i/n**k%n|0),k=[a=(H=Math.hypot)(p,P),b=H(p-q,P-Q),c=H(q,Q)].sort()]&(o[k]=P*q!=p*Q)&a+b+c<n,0)

let f =

n=>[...Array(n**4)].reduce((x,_,i,o)=>x+=!o[[p,P,q,Q]=[0,1,2,3].map(k=>i/n**k%n|0),k=[a=(H=Math.hypot)(p,P),b=H(p-q,P-Q),c=H(q,Q)].sort()]&(o[k]=P*q!=p*Q)&a+b+c<n,0)

;[
  1,  // 0
  2,  // 0
  3,  // 0
  4,  // 1
  5,  // 3
  6,  // 5
  7,  // 11
  8,  // 18
  9,  // 29
  10, // 44
  12, // 94
  20  // 738
]
.forEach(n => console.log('a(' + n + ') = ' + f(n)))

n->(q=Set();for x=0:n,y=1:n,a=1:n,b=0:n
r=x+y*im
t=a+b*im
g=sort(abs2.([r,t,r-t]))
sum(√g)<n&&angle(r/t)>0&&push!(q,g)
end;length(q))

import StdEnv
@n#l=[0.0..n]
=sum[1\\p<-removeDup[sort(map(sqrt o\[u,v]=u*u+v*v)[[a-i,b-j],[a,b],[i,j]])\\a<-l,b<-l,i<-l,j<-l|a*j<>i*b]|sum p<n]