PolicyKit은 더 구성 가능하지만 pkexec이 구성 기능을 사용하지는 않습니다. 또한, pkexec시작될 프로그램의 전체 경로를 사용자에게 보여주십시오. PolicyKit의 소위 ‘정책’을 사용하여 더 많은 고급 설정을 설정할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 비밀번호를 기억해야하는지 여부입니다.

내가 pkexec매뉴얼 에서 얻은 것 :

PROGRAM이이를 실행하는 환경은 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 또는 유사한 메커니즘을 통한 코드 주입을 피하기 위해 최소한의 알려진 안전한 환경으로 설정됩니다. 또한 PKEXEC_UID 환경 변수는 pkexec를 호출하는 프로세스의 사용자 ID로 설정됩니다. 결과적으로 $ pk 환경 변수가 설정되어 있지 않기 때문에 pkexec를 사용하면 X11 응용 프로그램을 다른 사용자로 실행할 수 없습니다.

매뉴얼 에서 정책 또는 조치 정의 에 대한 자세한 정보 pkexec:

   To specify what kind of authorization is needed to execute the program
   /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate as another user, simply write an action
   definition file like this

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
        "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
       <policyconfig>

         <vendor>Examples for the PolicyKit Project</vendor>
         <vendor_url>http://hal.freedesktop.org/docs/PolicyKit/</vendor_url>

         <action id="org.freedesktop.policykit.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate">
           <description>Run the PolicyKit example program Frobnicate</description>
           <description xml:lang="da">Kør PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate</description>
           <message>Authentication is required to run the PolicyKit example program Frobnicate</message>
           <message xml:lang="da">Autorisering er påkrævet for at afvikle PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate</message>
           <icon_name>audio-x-generic</icon_name>
           <defaults>
             <allow_any>no</allow_any>
             <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
             <allow_active>auth_self_keep</allow_active>
           </defaults>
           <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate</annotate>
         </action>

       </policyconfig>

   and drop it in the /usr/share/polkit-1/actions directory under a
   suitable name (e.g. matching the namespace of the action). Note that in
   addition to specifying the program, the authentication message,
   description, icon and defaults can be specified. For example, for the
   action defined above, the following authentication dialog will be
   shown:

       [IMAGE][2]

           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                     Authenticate                     [X] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                                                          |
           |  [Icon]  Authentication is required to run the PolicyKit |
           |          example program Frobnicate                      |
           |                                                          |
           |          An application is attempting to perform an      |
           |          action that requires privileges. Authentication |
           |          is required to perform this action.             |
           |                                                          |
           |          Password: [__________________________________]  |
           |                                                          |
           | [V] Details:                                             |
           |  Command: /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate                 |
           |  Run As:  Super User (root)                              |
           |  Action:  org.fd.pk.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate        |
           |  Vendor:  Examples for the PolicyKit Project             |
           |                                                          |
           |                                  [Cancel] [Authenticate] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+

   If the user is using the da_DK locale, the dialog looks like this:

       [IMAGE][3]

           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                     Autorisering                     [X] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                                                          |
           |  [Icon]  Autorisering er påkrævet for at afvikle         |
           |          PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate                  |
           |                                                          |
           |          Et program forsøger at udføre en handling der   |
           |          kræver privilegier. Autorisering er påkrævet.   |
           |                                                          |
           |          Kodeord: [___________________________________]  |
           |                                                          |
           | [V] Detaljer:                                            |
           |  Bruger:   Super User (root)                             |
           |  Program:  /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate                |
           |  Handling: org.fd.pk.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate       |
           |  Vendor:   Examples for the PolicyKit Project            |
           |                                                          |
           |                                [Annullér] [Autorisering] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+

   Note that pkexec does no validation of the ARGUMENTS passed to PROGRAM.
   In the normal case (where administrator authentication is required
   every time pkexec is used), this is not a problem since if the user is
   an administrator he might as well just run pkexec bash to get root.

   However, if an action is used for which the user can retain
   authorization (or if the user is implicitly authorized), such as with
   pk-example-frobnicate above, this could be a security hole. Therefore,
   as a rule of thumb, programs for which the default required
   authorization is changed, should never implicitly trust user input
   (e.g. like any other well-written suid program).

답변

cd /etc/init.d
sudo cat README
# and now the same with pkexec
pkexec cat README
# nice, huh?