대답하기 전에; 명확하게

1. 제네릭은 TYPE_SAFETY를 보장하기 위해 컴파일 시간 기능 만 제공하며 RUNTIME 동안에는 사용할 수 없습니다.
2. 제네릭을 사용한 참조 만 형식 안전성을 강제합니다. 참조가 제네릭으로 선언되지 않으면 safty 유형없이 작동합니다.

예:

List stringList = new ArrayList<String>();
stringList.add(new Integer(10)); // will be successful.

이것이 와일드 카드를보다 명확하게 이해하는 데 도움이되기를 바랍니다.

//NOTE CE - Compilation Error
//      4 - For

class A {}

class B extends A {}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        A aObj = new A();
        B bObj = new B();

        //We can add object of same type (A) or its subType is legal
        List<A> list_A = new ArrayList<A>();
        list_A.add(aObj);
        list_A.add(bObj); // A aObj = new B(); //Valid
        //list_A.add(new String()); Compilation error (CE);
        //can't add other type   A aObj != new String();


        //We can add object of same type (B) or its subType is legal
        List<B> list_B = new ArrayList<B>();
        //list_B.add(aObj); CE; can't add super type obj to subclass reference
        //Above is wrong similar like B bObj = new A(); which is wrong
        list_B.add(bObj);



        //Wild card (?) must only come for the reference (left side)
        //Both the below are wrong;   
        //List<? super A> wildCard_Wrongly_Used = new ArrayList<? super A>();
        //List<? extends A> wildCard_Wrongly_Used = new ArrayList<? extends A>();


        //Both <? extends A>; and <? super A> reference will accept = new ArrayList<A>
        List<? super A> list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A = new ArrayList<A>();
                        list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A = new ArrayList<Object>();
                      //list_4_A_AND_SuperClass_A = new ArrayList<B>(); CE B is SubClass of A
                      //list_4_A_AND_SuperClass_A = new ArrayList<String>(); CE String is not super of A  
        List<? extends A> list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A = new ArrayList<A>();
                          list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A = new ArrayList<B>();
                        //list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A = new ArrayList<Object>(); CE Object is SuperClass of A


        //CE; super reference, only accepts list of A or its super classes.
        //List<? super A> list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A = new ArrayList<String>(); 

        //CE; extends reference, only accepts list of A or its sub classes.
        //List<? extends A> list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A = new ArrayList<Object>();

        //With super keyword we can use the same reference to add objects
        //Any sub class object can be assigned to super class reference (A)                  
        list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A.add(aObj);
        list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A.add(bObj); // A aObj = new B();
        //list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A.add(new Object()); // A aObj != new Object(); 
        //list_4__A_AND_SuperClass_A.add(new String()); CE can't add other type

        //We can't put anything into "? extends" structure. 
        //list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A.add(aObj); compilation error
        //list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A.add(bObj); compilation error
        //list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A.add("");   compilation error

        //The Reason is below        
        //List<Apple> apples = new ArrayList<Apple>();
        //List<? extends Fruit> fruits = apples;
        //fruits.add(new Strawberry()); THIS IS WORNG :)

        //Use the ? extends wildcard if you need to retrieve object from a data structure.
        //Use the ? super wildcard if you need to put objects in a data structure.
        //If you need to do both things, don't use any wildcard.


        //Another Solution
        //We need a strong reference(without wild card) to add objects 
        list_A = (ArrayList<A>) list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A;
        list_A.add(aObj);
        list_A.add(bObj);

        list_B = (List<B>) list_4__A_AND_SubClass_A;
        //list_B.add(aObj); compilation error
        list_B.add(bObj);

        private Map<Class<? extends Animal>, List<? extends Animal>> animalListMap;

        public void registerAnimal(Class<? extends Animal> animalClass, Animal animalObject) {

            if (animalListMap.containsKey(animalClass)) {
                //Append to the existing List
                 /*    The ? extends Animal is a wildcard bounded by the Animal class. So animalListMap.get(animalObject);
                 could return a List<Donkey>, List<Mouse>, List<Pikachu>, assuming Donkey, Mouse, and Pikachu were all sub classes of Animal.
                 However, with the wildcard, you are telling the compiler that you don't care what the actual type is as long as it is a sub type of Animal.
                 */
                //List<? extends Animal> animalList = animalListMap.get(animalObject);
                //animalList.add(animalObject);  //Compilation Error because of List<? extends Animal>
                List<Animal> animalList = animalListMap.get(animalObject);
                animalList.add(animalObject);


            }
    }

    }
}