태그 보관물: kernel

kernel

커널 오염 값은 무엇을 의미합니까? 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.

Running cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted은 현재 커널 오염 값을 10으로 인쇄합니다. 내 이해는이 값이 비트 필드이며 각 비트는 특정 유형의 오염의 유무를 나타냅니다. 사용하여 비트를 추출 할 수 있습니다

python3 -c 'from pprint import pprint; pprint(list(zip(range(50), reversed(bin(int(open("/proc/sys/kernel/tainted").read()))[2:]))))'

나는 문서를 검색했지만 내가 본 것은 비트 0에서 10까지의 의미만을 식별합니다. 예를 들어 http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt 는 다음과 같이 말합니다.

tainted:

Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Numeric values, which can be
ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.

     1 (P):  A module with a non-GPL license has been loaded, this
             includes modules with no license.
             Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     2 (F): A module was force loaded by insmod -f.
            Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     4 (S): Unsafe SMP processors: SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
     8 (R): A module was forcibly unloaded from the system by rmmod -f.
    16 (M): A hardware machine check error occurred on the system.
    32 (B): A bad page was discovered on the system.
    64 (U): The user has asked that the system be marked "tainted". This
            could be because they are running software that directly modifies
            the hardware, or for other reasons.
   128 (D): The system has died.
   256 (A): The ACPI DSDT has been overridden with one supplied by the user
            instead of using the one provided by the hardware.
   512 (W): A kernel warning has occurred.
  1024 (C): A module from drivers/staging was loaded.
  2048 (I): The system is working around a severe firmware bug.
  4096 (O): An out-of-tree module has been loaded.
  8192 (E): An unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting module
            signature.
 16384 (L): A soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.
 32768 (K): The kernel has been live patched.
 65536 (X): Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros.
131072 (T): The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin.

linux-doc패키지 를 설치 하고 열어서 우분투 커널에 대한 문서를 보려고 시도 zless /usr/share/doc/linux-doc/sysctl/kernel.txt.gz했지만 여전히 1024까지만 나열됩니다.

필자의 경우 Precise에서 기본 PAE 커널 (3.2.0-36-generic-pae)을 실행 중입니다. 비트 12 세트도보고 있습니다.

Ubuntu 커널에서 오염 된 비트의 의미에 대한 완전한 문서는 어디에 있습니까?

답변

보고 panic.c: 

/**
 *      print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
 *
 *  'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
 *  'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
 *  'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
 *  'R' - User forced a module unload.
 *  'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
 *  'B' - System has hit bad_page.
 *  'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
 *  'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
 *  'A' - ACPI table overridden.
 *  'W' - Taint on warning.
 *  'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
 *  'I' - Working around severe firmware bug.
 *  'O' - Out-of-tree module has been loaded.
 *  'E' - Unsigned module has been loaded.
 *  'L' - A soft lockup has previously occurred.
 *  'K' - Kernel has been live patched.
 *
 *      The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
 */

답변